Which of the following describes an appropriate method to manage GERD in infants?

Thickening formula with rice cereal is an appropriate method to manage gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants. This approach works by increasing the viscosity of the formula, which helps reduce the likelihood of the contents of the stomach refluxing back into the esophagus. A thicker substance is less likely to flow backward due to gravity, thus mitigating the symptoms associated with GERD, such as spitting up and discomfort during feeding.

This method aligns with pediatric guidelines that suggest thickeners can be effective in decreasing reflux episodes, providing a non-pharmacological option before considering medication. The use of rice cereal is particularly common because it is easy to digest and mixes well with formula, making it a practical choice for caregivers managing this condition.

In contrast, other methods listed, such as using large bottles, do not directly address the reflux issue and might even encourage rapid feeding, potentially exacerbating the problem. Feeding exclusively at night does not effectively manage GERD and may lead to more discomfort due to prolonged periods without upright positioning after feeding. Additionally, acidic fruit juices can aggravate reflux symptoms and are generally not recommended for infants, as they can irritate the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, thickening the formula is the most suitable and evidence-based approach to manage