Which findings are indications of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in an adolescent with a closed head injury?

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is a critical condition that can arise from various factors, including closed head injuries. All of the mentioned findings—report of headache, alteration in pupillary response, and increased sleeping—are significant indicators of elevated ICP.

A report of headache is a common symptom experienced by individuals with increased ICP. This occurs due to the pressure within the skull affecting pain-sensitive structures or surrounding tissues, leading to discomfort and pain.

Alteration in pupillary response is a crucial assessment finding. Changes in the size, shape, or reactivity of the pupils can signify that the brain is under stress. For instance, one pupil becoming dilated while the other remains constricted may indicate neurological compromise and possible herniation.

Increased sleeping, or a change in the level of consciousness, can also reflect changes in cerebral function. An adolescent exhibiting increased lethargy or sleepiness may be experiencing impaired brain activity due to rising ICP affecting normal neurological processes.

Thus, when all these findings are considered together, they present a comprehensive picture of potential increased intracranial pressure. It is vital for healthcare providers to recognize these signs promptly to intervene effectively and prevent further complications due to elevated intracranial pressure.