What psychosocial stage do toddlers experience according to Erikson?

According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory, toddlers experience the stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. During this stage, which typically spans from ages 1 to 3 years, children begin to assert their independence and develop a sense of personal control over their bodies and environment.

As toddlers explore their surroundings, they are encouraged to make choices and engage in self-care activities, such as potty training, dressing themselves, and deciding what to eat. Successfully navigating this stage helps them build confidence and a sense of autonomy. When caregivers support their efforts and allow them to explore, toddlers develop a sense of independence. Conversely, if their choices are constantly criticized or if they are overly controlled, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities, which can impact their self-esteem and confidence as they continue to grow.

Understanding this stage is critical for caregivers and educators, as it emphasizes the importance of fostering independence while offering appropriate limits, helping children to feel secure in their ability to explore and learn.