What is the primary manifestation of spina bifida?

The primary manifestation of spina bifida is the failure of the spine to close. This neural tube defect occurs when the neural tube, which forms the spine and surrounding structures, does not completely close during fetal development. As a result, the spinal cord and surrounding tissues may develop improperly, leading to exposure of the spinal cord and potential damage to nerves. This condition can manifest in a range of severity, from mild cases with minimal symptoms to more severe cases that result in significant physical disabilities and complications.

Other conditions listed are unrelated to spina bifida. For example, clubbing of the fingers could indicate various respiratory or cardiovascular issues, not a spinal condition. An enlarged liver is typically associated with liver diseases or metabolic disorders rather than spinal defects. Joint deformation is more commonly associated with musculoskeletal or systemic conditions rather than specifically with spina bifida. Understanding the key features of spina bifida can provide insight into its management and the potential needs of affected individuals.