What is a common side effect of the bronchodilator albuterol?

Albuterol, a short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilator, is primarily used to relieve bronchospasm in conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism of action for albuterol involves stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, leading to relaxation and dilation of the airways. However, this systemic stimulation can also affect beta-1 adrenergic receptors, which are responsible for increasing heart rate and causing muscle tremors.

Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, is a common side effect because the activation of these receptors can lead to heightened cardiovascular response. Similarly, tremors can occur due to the stimulation of skeletal muscle receptors, resulting in involuntary muscle contractions. These systemic effects are particularly pronounced in some individuals, especially if the medication is taken in higher doses or used more frequently than prescribed.

Recognizing tachycardia and tremors as side effects of albuterol is essential for both managing patient care and providing education on medication use. Patients should be advised on these potential side effects to ensure they can recognize and report any significant changes or concerns after using the medication. Understanding these effects contributes to safe medication administration and effective patient education in pediatric care.