What defines a dictatorial or authoritarian parenting style?

A dictatorial or authoritarian parenting style is characterized by parents who establish rules and expectations without providing explanations or allowing for discussion. This approach emphasizes obedience and discipline, where the authority of the parent is paramount, and the child is expected to comply without questioning. In this style, the parents often impose strict guidelines and may enforce consequences without engaging the child in conversations about the reasons behind those rules.

In contrast, the other choices align with different parenting styles. Encouraging open discussions and input signifies an authoritative parenting style, which values collaboration and mutual respect. Maintaining a balance of authority and freedom reflects a more permissive or authoritative style where the emphasis is on guidance rather than strict control. Lastly, being emotionally available and responsive is characteristic of a positive parenting approach that fosters secure attachment and emotional development, diverging from the rigidity of authoritarian practices. Therefore, the correct answer correctly identifies the hallmark of dictatorial parenting as setting rules without explanation.