What complication can arise from untreated streptococcal tonsillitis?

Untreated streptococcal tonsillitis can lead to a serious complication known as rheumatic fever, which can subsequently cause damage to the kidneys resulting in a condition called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This renal complication can manifest as kidney infection or inflammation, which may lead to long-term health issues if not addressed.

The connection between streptococcal infections and kidney complications is rooted in the body’s immune response. The immune system can mistakenly target the body's tissues, including the kidneys, following the initial throat infection if left untreated. Thus, untreated streptococcal tonsillitis has significant potential effects beyond the throat, making the risk of renal complications critically important to recognize and address in nursing practice.