In nephrotic syndrome, which protein is primarily lost through urine?

In nephrotic syndrome, the primary protein lost through the urine is albumin. This condition is characterized by significant proteinuria, specifically the loss of large amounts of protein due to damage to the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidneys. When this barrier is compromised, it leads to the leakage of albumin, which is the most abundant plasma protein.

Albumin plays a critical role in maintaining oncotic pressure and fluid balance in the bloodstream. Its loss leads to hypoalbuminemia, resulting in edema and other complications associated with nephrotic syndrome. The significant decrease in serum albumin levels contributes to fluid shifts, which can cause swelling in various parts of the body.

Other proteins listed, such as globulin and fibrinogen, are not primarily lost in nephrotic syndrome. Globulins are present in smaller quantities compared to albumin and are often not detected in significant amounts in the urine of individuals with this condition. Fibrinogen, which is involved in blood clotting, is also not a primary protein lost in nephrotic syndrome. Keratin is a protein found in skin and hair, unrelated to kidney function or protein loss in nephrotic syndrome. Thus, the focus remains on albumin as the principal protein